on what type of mics do i use the +48v

i know the shot gun included used the +48.

what about a hand held mic or lav mic?

You use the +48 on any mic that requires phantom power, including most shotguns, short shotguns, hypercardoid, and many lavs.

Some lavs can be powered by batteries or phantom, likewise many of the others above. Usually such a mic has better performance with phantom.

All condensor mics require some power, for xlr connected mics the standard is phantom.

Phantom won't damage a dynamic mic, but will cook most ribbon mics (uncommon).