Will a female XLR to USB adapter like this one

https://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/184694361810?mkcid=16&mkevt=1&mkrid=711-127632-2357-0&ssspo=5cQq3ZwkRru&sssrc=2349624&ssuid=AHrVu3eNSAy&var=&widget_ver=artemis&media=COPY

work to connect my Rode mic to my laptop?

I am not familiar with that model number Rode mic. If you are referring to the NTG5 condenser shotgun mic, those converters will not work. You need an USB interface that has 48 volts Phantom Power, like this low cost converter (https://www.bhphotovideo.com/c/product/1142054-REG/polsen_xlr_usb_48_xlr_usb_interface_48v.html/BI/2855/KBID/3801/BI/2855/KBID/3801/BI/2855/KBID/3801) .

I think for $40, I'd go with a Behringer UM2. It allows for 24 bit recording, and the controls are bigger.

Thank you both, really helpful.