What are some cameras that record 10bit without the need of an external recorder?

The Sony F5 and F55 can.

Edit - Looks like the Canon C500 can as well.

My Sony PMW-300 has 10 Bit internal recording also. Specs below.

http://www.sony.co.uk/pro/product/broadcast-products-camcorders-xdcam/pmw-300k1/overview/

Quite a few cameras record 10-bit nowadays. It used to be kinda rare.

Any Panasonic that uses AVC/Intra or Ultra:
HPX 250, 300, 370, 600, 2000, 3100
PX 270, 800, 5000.

Any Sony with XAVC:
PMW 300, 400 (with XAVC upgrade)
PXW FS7,
PXWX 180, 200, 500, 70, Z100.
F5, 55