Don't laugh, but is there such a thing? I know it wouldn't be a "thermometer;" just a play on words... But is there some device that can tell you what color temp is at a certain location?

I think they're called light temperature meters or something along those lines - they exist. Check B&H? I know they'd have em.

Here are a couple color temperature meters:
http://www.bhphotovideo.com/bnh/controller/home?shs=color+temperature+meter&ci=0&sb=ps&pn=1&sq=desc&InitialSearch=yes&O=product.jsp&A=search&Q=*&bhs=t

Yes, the color temperature meters are pretty expensive but occasionally you can pick a used one up on Ebay. The Gossen ones are the most commonly found ones.

If you've got a digital still camera, you can read the Exif or RAW data. This is a good cheap option if it's only for occasional use. Set you camera for Auto White Balance or No White Balance.

I have a Gossen color temperature meter and have had it for many years. Not too expensive and works great. I never used it when shooting with 2/3" chip cameras because they give you the color temperature readout. I don't have a clue why they won't put that feature on smaller cameras--the damn things know what the color temperature is when you white balance and it would be no problem technically, I think, to simply display it in the viewfinder. They give you a readout for every other possible thing you might want to know--why not degrees K???

I have a Gossen color temperature meter and have had it for many years. Not too expensive and works great. I never used it when shooting with 2/3" chip cameras because they give you the color temperature readout. I don't have a clue why they won't put that feature on smaller cameras--the damn things know what the color temperature is when you white balance and it would be no problem technically, I think, to simply display it in the viewfinder. They give you a readout for every other possible thing you might want to know--why not degrees K???

Is this he Gossen analog meter?